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Idaho History Timeline > 
8,000 to 14,000 years ago: Paleo-Indian big game-hunters, with Clovis (11,500 to 12,500 B.P), Folsom (10,500 to 11,000 B.P), and Plano (8,000 to 10,500 B.P) cultures, live in what is now Idaho.
200 to 8,000 years ago: Archaic-Indian culture, with permanent houses (5,000 years ago) and bows and arrows and pottery (300 to 1,500 years ago) coming into use., to present.
200 to 260 years ago: Shoshone bands obtain horses for transportation but are decimated by smallpox spread from European sources.
1800 to 1840: Early historic Indian culture, with adaptation brought on by white contact, trade goods, and other fur-trade activities., isrepresented across the state.
1803: The United States purchases Louisiana Territory.
1805: Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark enter area that would become Idaho at Lemhi Pass.
1809: Kullyspell House, first non-native establishment in Northwest, is erected near Lake Pend Oreille.
1810: Fort Henry, first American fur post west of Rocky Mountains, established near St. Anthony.
1811: Astorian parties under Wilson Price Hunt explore portions of the future Oregon Trail in Idaho.
1818: U.S. & Great Britain sign Joint Occupation Treaty for Oregon Territory.
1819: Donald Mackenzie holds a rendezvous with Native Americans on the Boise River. Adams-Onis treaty between Spain and the United States establishes Idaho's future southern border on the 42nd Parallel. Mackenzie attempts to set up a post on the Boise River.
1820: Mackenzie negotiates a peace treaty with the Shoshone on Little Lost River and explores most of what would become Goodale's Cutoff.
1821: Hudson's Bay Company and North West Company merge.
1822: William Ashley organizes the Rocky Mountain Fur Company, which institutes the practice of annual rendezvous.
1830: Captain B.L.E. Bonneville takes a wagon train across South Pass to Green River.
1832: A trapper's wheeled caravan traveles over part of the Oregon Trail west of Casper to the Wind River rendezvous.
1834: Forts Laramie, Boise, and Hall are established.
1836: Henry H. Spalding establishes a mission near Lapwai, where he prints the Northwest's first book, establishes Idaho's first school, develops Idaho's first irrigation system, and grows the state's first potatoes. Narcissa Whitman and Eliza Spalding are the first white women to cross the continental divide (South Pass).
1843: First Oregon Trail wagons cross Idaho.
1846: Treaty settles the Oregon boundary dispute with England.
1849: Over 20,000 emigrants who join the gold rush come through southeastern Idaho on the California Trail. Heavy traffic continues on the trail for many years. U.S. Military post, Cantonment Loring, is established near Fort Hall.
1852: French Canadians discover gold on the Pend Oreille River.
1853: Washington Territory is created.
1855: Salmon River mission (Fort Lemhi) is established by Mormon missionaries, to be abandoned in 1858.
1859: Oregon is admitted as a state.
1860: Franklin, first town in Idaho, is established.
1860-63: Major mining strikes occur near Pierce, Florence, Idaho City, and Silver City.
1862: Lewiston's Golden Age is Idaho's first newspaper.
1863: Idaho becomes a territory on March 4 with Lewiston as its capital. The Bear River Massacre, the West's largest slaughter of Indians, is fought near present-day Preston.
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