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The Eighty Years' War, Dutch Revolt |
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The Eighty Years' War, Dutch Revolt > Website 
In Dutch language, the Dutch Revolt is referred to as the Tachtigjarige Oorlog (80 Years' War). While the Revolt, as a countrywide movement, only broke out in 1579, it has local predecessors which reach back until 1566. The preconditions leading to the war consist of the removal of the ruler from the political center at Brussels (Emperor Charles V. and especially his son Philip II. spent much time outside of the Netherlands), the Habsburg tendency to introduce a centralized administration, reducing the autonomy and infringing on the privileges of the individual territories, to which the Church Reform of the Netherlands (reorganization of bishoprics) of 1559 only added, the tendency by Philip II. to appoint foreigners to high office in the Netherlands, a series of measures alienating the Dutch subjects from their Spanish king. Since the late 1560es Calvinism had spread quickly, among the Calvinists being many who wanted to implement radical reforms immediately.
William the Silent, of the House of Orange-Nassau, Baron of Breda, was the Low Countries greatest landowner (except for King Philip, that is). He was one of the grandees who in 1567 refused to swear a reformulated oath of allegiance. William took a moderate position, neither siding with Margaret of Parma, nor with the Calvinist rebels. The Duke of Alva, however, did not trust him; under a pretext, he had William's son Philip William, a student at Leuven, arrested and brought to Spain. William then fled the country, went to his possessions in Nassau, from where he began a feud against the Spanish Netherlands. He staged three raids into the Spanish Netherlands (1568, 1570, 1572). The Watergeuzen (literally translated : Sea Beggars), rebels with a navy, recognized William the Silent as the Lord in whose name they fought the Spanish.
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Duke of Alba (Alva), Spanish General
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, the third Duke of Alba was a Spanish general and governor of the Spanish Netherlands (1567 - 1573), nicknamed "the Iron Duke" by Protestants of the Low Countries because of harsh rule. Although the Duke led oppressive and... |
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Count of Egmont
Count Lamoral of Egmont was a Flemish general and statesman. He was Fillips II's supreme commander and achieved important victories on the French. Therefore he became appointed by Fillips II as governor of Flanders and Artesia, as a member of the Sta... |
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Kenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer
Kenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer (1526–1588) was a wood merchant of Haarlem, Netherlands She was the daughter of Simon Hasselaer and Grietje Koen. When the city was besieged by the Spanish, she led a company of women in defence of the city, becoming fa... |
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Philip II of Spain
Philip II, king of Spain and Portugal, was born at Valladolid, the only son of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V and Isabella of Portugal. Philip II, the self-proclaimed leader of Counter-Reformation, assumed the throne in 1556 with a great deal of p... |
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William of Orange, The Silent
William I, Prince of Orange, also widely known as William the Silent (Dutch: Willem de Zwijger), or simply William of Orange (Dutch: Willem van Oranje), was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish that set off the Eighty Years' War a... |
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Johan van Oldenbarnevelt
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt was a Dutch statesman, who played an important role in the Dutch struggle for independence from Spain. In 1586, Van Oldenbarnevelt was made Land's Advocate of the province of Holland, an office he held for 32 years. Holland b... |
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Piet Hein, Dutch Admiral
Piet Pieterszoon Hein (Heyn) was a Dutch naval officer and folk hero during the Eighty Years' War between the Netherlands and Spain. Hein was born in Delfshaven (now part of Rotterdam), the son of a captain, and he became a sailor while he was still... |
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Philip III, King of Spain
Philip III, King of Spain, King of Portugal, King of Naples and Sicily was the king of Spain and Portugal and Algarves (as Philip II Portuguese: Filipe II), from 1598 until his death. His chief minister was the Duke of Lerma. Philip III married Marga... |
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Maarten Tromp, Dutch Admiral
Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp was an officer and later admiral in the Dutch navy. Born in Den Briel, Tromp sailed the seas from the age of nine, and joined the Dutch navy as a lieutenant in 1621. His first distinction was being Piet Hein's flag captain... |
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Battle of Nieuwpoort, Dutch Revolt
In the last years of the sixteenth century, the Spanish troops were driven out of the Republic. The next aim was to expand to the south. In 1600, Maurice left with 15,000 men for the port of Dunkirk - home port of the Spanish privateers who were wrea... |
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Philip IV of Castille
Philip IV of Castille (Felipe IV) was the king of Spain, from 1621 until his death, and king of Portugal as Philip III (Filipe III) until 1640. The eldest son of Philip III (and his wife Margaret), Philip IV was born at Valladolid. His chief minister... |
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The Thirty Years' War
Thirty Years' War, series of European conflicts lasting from 1618 to 1648, involving most of the countries of western Europe, and fought mainly in Germany. At first the struggle was primarily based on the profound religious antagonism engendered amon... |
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Prince Rupert, Hudson's Bay Company
Prince Rupert of the Rhine was a noted soldier, admiral, scientist, sportsman, colonial governor and amateur artist during the 17th century. Rupert was a younger son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, and Elizabeth Stuart, the older brother of Electre... |
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Peace of Münster, Dutch Independence
The Peace of Münster was a treaty between the United Netherlands and Spain signed in 1648. It was a landmark treaty for the Dutch republic and one of the key events in Dutch history; with it, the United Netherlands finally became independent from the... |
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© 2012, TimelineIndex.com. Website JB |
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